In 2018, Scottish GDP per person is estimated at £32,800 including a geographical share of oil ⦠Emigrant Andrew Carnegie (1835–1919) built the American steel industry, and spent much of his time and philanthropy in Scotland. Solicitors in Scotland are regulated by the Law Society of Scotland, rather than through the Solicitors Regulation Authority. National Insurance rates and bands are reserved as is the National Insurance Fund. [81] Current non-North Sea revenue in Scotland is estimated to have grown by 13.4% between 2011–12 and 2015-16 in nominal terms. The 1980s saw an economic boom in the Silicon Glen corridor between Glasgow and Edinburgh, with many large technology firms relocating to Scotland. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Scotland in 2013 was $248.5 billion including revenue generated from North Sea oil and gas. Total state spending in Scotland was £1,661 higher per person than the UK average at £75.3bn, while ⦠Financial and business services sector employs 247,000 people in Scotland, making it the top sector for employment. There are major deep-water port facilities at Aberdeen, Grangemouth, Greenock, Peterhead, Scapa Flow and Sullom Voe. This has, however, been combined with a rise in the service sector of the economy, which has grown to be the largest sector in Scotland. Figure 5: Production industry performance in Q1 2017. This update provides a snapshot of new data on the Scottish economy and households based on data released in the last fortnight. Domestic tourists (those from the United Kingdom) make up the bulk of visitors to Scotland. The two largest sectors were professional, scientific and technical activities (48,155 enterprises) and construction (47,500 enterprises), together accounting for 27.7% of all private sector enterprises. [29] The shipbuilding industry on the River Clyde increased greatly from the 1840s and by 1870 the Clyde was producing more than half of Britain's tonnage of shipping. Growth sector statistics. [89], Scotland had some of the worst overcrowding in the postwar period and many areas of cities were comprehensively redeveloped with new modernist housing built either in tower blocks on the site of former slum housing, greenfield sites on the periphery of the cities, or in entirely new towns, such as Cumbernauld, Livingstone, Glenrothes or East Kilbride. Shipbuilding reached a peak in the early 20th century, especially during the Great War, but quickly went into a long downward slide when the war ended. [17] Scotland is a constituent country of the UK, which is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the G7, the G8, the G20, the International Monetary Fund, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the World Bank, the World Trade Organization, Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and the United Nations. Chart showing top 5 employment sectors in Scotland (000's). The coal seams beneath central Scotland, in particular in Ayrshire and Fife contributed significantly to the industrialisation of Scotland during the 19th and 20th centuries. Find a full summary of Scotland's economic statistics on the Scottish Enterprise website 36.5% Most denominational schools in Scotland are Roman Catholic. Scotlandâs research and development spend in the higher education sector, as a percentage of GDP, is the 5th highest in the developed world. [19][citation needed] (For the purpose of balance to this perspective, see Darien scheme.) Growth in Scotlandâs retail, wholesale and motor trades sectors contributed 1.5 percentage points to Scotlandâs GDP growth in June, compared ⦠Other major industries include banking and financial services, construction,[18] education, entertainment, biotechnology, transport equipment, oil and gas, whisky, and tourism. Council tax bills in Scotland still include water rates if the property has a water mains connection - it is important to note that some properties in rural areas are not connected to the mains network and have their own private water supply. However some of these Scottish exports to the rest of the UK will feed into supply chains elsewhere in the rest of the UK and in turn, underpin the export of subsequent goods and services internationally.". [107] The most distinct differences in the Scottish criminal justice system is that only a simple majority of 15 is required to convict, the requirement for corroberation of evidence, and the existence of a third verdict. [39] Production remained in cottage industry units but the trading conditions were locked into the modern economy and gave rise to institutions such as the British Linen Bank. Water for residential properties is not metered in Scotland. The entire period between the world wars was one of economic depression, of which the worldwide Great Depression of 1929–1939 was the most acute phase. The Cabinet Secretary for Justice is responsible for policy matters affecting these systems such as legal aid, prison governance, drugs rehabilitation, reoffending, victims and witnesses, sentencing guidelines, and anti-social behaviour, but has a legal duty to uphold the independence of the courts and the legal profession. From 1790 the chief industry in the west of Scotland became textiles, especially the spinning and weaving of cotton. After the Industrial Revolution in Scotland, the Scottish economy concentrated on heavy industry, dominated by the shipbuilding, coal mining and steel industries. 'Heritable title' is equivalent to a freehold in England and Wales, however there is no Scots' law equivalent of a leasehold. The Department for Work and Pensions are responsible for determining eligibility criteria, processing and paying benefits and the development of Universal Credit. The mining of coal – once a major employer in Scotland has declined in importance since the later half of the 20th century, due to cheaper foreign coal and the exhaustion of many seams. The densest network of roads and railways is concentrated in the Central Lowlands of the country where around 70% of the population live. Note: Revenues from North Sea oil and gas are not included in these figures. The principal companies operating in the sector include; BAE Systems, Rolls-Royce, Raytheon, Alexander Dennis, Thales, SELEX Galileo and Babcock. In 2019 the gross domestic product of Scotland was around 168 billion British pounds, compared with 162 billion pounds in 2018. What is particularly interesting are the industry-by-industry results for the production sector. Privately owned commercial TV and radio broadcasters operate a multitude national, regional and local channels. Advocates are regulated by the Faculty of Advocates whereas in England and Wales; barristers are regulated by their Inn. Celtic Tiger (1995â2007) Historian R. F. Foster argues the cause was a combination of a new sense of initiative and the entry of American corporations such as Intel. The Scottish Government does not control macroeconomic policy, however it does use public procurement to influence private sector behaviour on reserved matters such as requiring the Real Living Wage[86] to be paid to all its contractors and sub-contractors. Excluding trade with the rest of the United Kingdom. Both have been rising â in the main since 1998 â but growth has been slower the past few years. [23] Agriculture gained after the union, and standards remained high. Parts of the east of Scotland (areas such as Aberdeenshire, Fife and Angus) are major centres of cereal production and general cropping. Exclusive by Greg Russell @National_Greg Journalist. Forests, especially those surrounding populated areas in Central Scotland, also provide a recreation resource. There is no healthcare purchaser-provider split in Scotland, and the abolition of internal market in NHS Scotland was completed in 2004. [citation needed] The net value of new building and repairs, maintenance and improvements combined is just under £11.6 billion, which is about 4.5% of Scottish GDP.[44]. [93] Terminology common to both systems are 'state schools' for publicly funded education and 'independent schools'. [41] The trade brought urbanisation of the population, including large numbers of migrants from the Highlands and from Ireland. [84], Since the Devolution Referendum of 1997, in which the Scottish electorate voted for devolution, a Scottish Parliament was reconvened under the Scotland Act 1998 and is considered to be a devolved national, unicameral legislature of Scotland. The chart below shows the split in our survey responses by sector in response to questions asked about staffing levels. Their respective financial functions are headed by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and the Cabinet Secretary for Finance, Constitution and Economy. Dairy and cattle farmers in south-west Scotland were affected by the 2001 UK Foot and Mouth outbreak, which resulted in the destruction of much of their livestock as part of the biosecurity effort to control the spread of the disease. The waters surrounding Scotland are some of the richest in Europe. Barley, wheat and potatoes are grown in eastern parts of Scotland such as Aberdeenshire, Moray, Highland, Fife and the Scottish Borders. The Tayside and Angus area is a centre of production of soft fruits such as strawberries, raspberries and loganberries, owing to the mild climate. Weâre using the powers of the Scottish Parliament to make our economy stronger still. The motorway and trunk road network is principally centred on the cities of Edinburgh and Glasgow and connecting them to other major concentrations of population, and is vitally important to the economy of Scotland. Responding to publication of a review of Industry Leadership Groups, carried out by the Enterprise and Skills Strategic Board, Business Minister Jamie Hepburn said: âIndustry Leadership Groups are a crucial way for the Scottish Government and our agencies to interact with businesses and make sure we are responding properly to their needs and concerns. Fishing is an economic mainstay in parts of the North East of Scotland and along the west coast, with important fish markets in places such as Aberdeen and Mallaig. Edinburgh, the capital city of Scotland, is a powerhouse of the Scottish economy, as well as the wider UK economy.Edinburgh has been consistently one of the most prosperous parts of the country and has the strongest economy of any city in the UK outside London. Toward the end of the 19th century steel production largely replaced iron production. Many former council houses are now run by Housing Associations while others were sold to the tenant under the right-to-buy at a heavy discount. Scotlandâs GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is estimated at £180.4 billion, or £33,200 per person, growing 1.3% year on year. *Scotland's Labour Market Statistics, Jun-Aug 2019. Since the Acts of Union 1707, Scotland's economy has been closely aligned with the economy of the rest of the United Kingdom (UK) and England has historically been its main trading partner. Unemployment became a serious problem, especially in those areas where major industries had declined. Dental[103] and optometry[104] examinations are also free at the point of use, however charges for procedures and appliances apply for adults over 18, except in certain circumstances. Aberdeen is the centre of North Sea offshore oil and gas production, with giants such as Shell and BP housing their European exploration and production HQs in the city. Despite the increase in May, GDP remains 22.1% below the level in February, prior to the lockdown measures which were introduced in March. Scotland's GERD in 2018 represented 1.65% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), just below that of the UK (1.71%), the EU (2.03%) and OECD (2.38%). The last coal power station in Scotland closed earlier than anticipated following the reform of electricity connection charges. The economy has thus become more diversified and therefore stabler. [48], By 2020, Edinburgh was ranked 17th in the world for its financial services sector, and 6th in Western Europe, according to the Global Financial Services Centres Index. [43], Scotland builds around 21,000 to 22,000 new homes per year, about 0.1% of its existing dwelling stock. Electricity Transmission infrastructure is split between two Distribution network operators; Scottish Power, and Scottish and Southern Energy, which also generate electricity along with EDF Energy. In tandem with the decline of sea-fishing, commercial fish farms, especially in salmon, have increased in prominence in the rivers and lochs of the north and west of Scotland. The Scottish Parliament has the power to legislate in all areas that are not explicitly reserved to Westminster. We’re transforming the online experience for users & this site is currently under development. Main points. When Scotland ratified the 1707 Act of Union, despite Scotland's national debt, taxes were low due to war avoidance and trade thrived from the Baltic to the Caribbean. Edinburgh was ranked 15th in the list of world financial centres in 2007, but fell to 37th in 2012, following damage to its reputation,[45] and in 2015 was ranked 71st out of 84. Despite their new status as citizens of the United Kingdom, it took many decades for Scottish traders to gain a noticeable foothold in the colonial markets which had long been dominated by English merchants and concerns. Government expenditure was highest on social protection and health, with over 24 ⦠[83] This is in addition to employees of the government in the civil service and in local government as well as public bodies and corporations. Infrastructure in Scotland is varied in its provision and its quality. Total international and rest of the UK exports (excluding oil and gas) were valued at £85.0 billion, up £2.4 billion (2.9%) from the previous year. Scottish Government Blog. This was a slowing in the UK growth rate following a relatively strong Quarter 3 (July to Sept). Figures used for comparing GDP performance between Scotland and the UK refer to GDP at basic prices, also known as Gross Value Added (GVA). In common with many industrialised countries, the manufacturing sector has declined and the service sector has grown. A very small proportion of Scotland’s total land mass is classified as arable – circa 10% based on Scottish Government figures[25] Only about one quarter[Figures are inconsistent] of the land is under cultivation – mainly in cereals. In 2018, the value of Scotlandâs GDP is estimated at £178.6 billion, or £32,800 per person, including oil and gas extraction in Scottish waters. Plans have been published by the major airport operator BAA plc to facilitate the expansion of capacity at the major international airports of Aberdeen, Edinburgh and Glasgow, including new terminals and runways to cope with a large forecast rise in passenger use. The motorway and trunk road network is principally centred on the cities of Edinburgh and Glasgow and connecting them to other major concentrations of population, and is vitally important to the economy of Scotland. However heavy industry declined in the late 20th century, leading to a shift in the economy of Scotland towards technology and the service sector. As part of the United Kingdom and the European Union, Scotland fully participates in the single market and free trade area which exists across all EU member states and regions. In the 21st century, with the high rates of growth in many emerging economies of southeast Asia such as China, Thailand and Singapore, there was a drive towards marketing Scottish products and manufactured goods in these countries.[67]. [81], As of March 2016, there were 348,045 Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) operating in Scotland, providing an estimated 1.2 million jobs. Industry, which accounts for 46% of GDP and about 80% of exports, has replaced agriculture as the country's leading sector. [clarification needed][Less mild than the west coast.] [30] The heavy industries based around shipbuilding and locomotives went into severe decline after World War II.[31]. Scottish businesses employed 14,747 R&D staff in 2018; Gross Expenditure on Research and Development (GERD) in Scotland was £ 2,706 million 2018, 4.4% higher than 2017. [60] A modest amount of opencast coal mining continues. [97] The NHS in Scotland began in 1948 under a separate Act from England and Wales and was the responsibility of the Secretary of State for Scotland rather than the Health Secretary before devolution. Local government in Scotland currently consists of 32 Councils, which govern many aspects of daily life in Scotland, including: Non-domestic rates in Scotland were previously collected by councils, pooled and redistributed to councils according to a set formula without any passing through central government funds with nationally set exemptions, rebates and other measures. It has been confirmed that Scotland was in recession in the first half of 2020, and indications for the start of the second half of the year show things improving, but still below pre-Covid baselines in many cases. © Scottish Enterprise 2020. Scotland's GERD in 2018 represented 1.65% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), just below that of the UK (1.71%), the EU (2.03%) and OECD (2.38%). Education in Scotland is 100% devolved and all of the universities in Scotland are public universities, as are the colleges which provide Further Education. [32] It is also one of the UK's overall top five manufacturing export earners and it supports around 35,000 jobs. Despite increasing competition from low-cost textile producers in SE Asia and the Indian subcontinent, textiles in Scotland is still a major employer with a workforce of around 22,000. Scotland's brewing and distilling sectors play a vital role in the Scottish economy, permeating many facets of Scottish society. The industrial developments, while they brought work and wealth, were so rapid that housing, town planning, and provision for public health did not keep pace with them, and for a time living conditions in some of the towns were notoriously bad. The North Sea energy sector has been at the heart of the Scottish independence debate since the SNP declared 'It's Scotland's Oil' in a famous advertising campaign of the early 1970s. Need help? Retail banking services to individuals followed in the 19th century, on the trustee savings bank model pioneered by Rev. The UK Government along with the Parliament of the United Kingdom retains control over Scotland's fiscal environment, in relation to taxation (including tax rates, tax collection, and tax criteria) and the overall share of central government expenditure apportioned to Scotland, in the form of an annual block grant. [77] Grangemouth is at the centre of Scotland's petrochemicals industry. [96] A further 150,000 WTE staff work in social care and services. GDP often features in the news, for example in the current climate, where both the UK and Scotland have officially entered a recession following two consecutive quarters of negative GDP growth.But GDP isnât just one simple figure. Scottish Water and Caledonian MacBrayne. The economy of Scotland had an estimated nominal gross domestic product (GDP) of up to £170 billion in 2018. The Scottish Government recently established the Scottish National Investment Bank whose aim is to provide finance to small and medium sized enterprises to grow and develop. [citation needed] German sociologist Max Weber credited the Calvinist "Protestant Ethic", involving hard work and a sense of divine predestination and duty, for the entrepreneurial spirit of the Scots. Unlike in England, water infrastructure remains property of Scottish Water, however metering and billing of business customers is now undertaken by water supply companies.
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